來一場充滿幸福感的放鬆睡眠


自 2005 年以來,與睡眠相關的科學期刊數量增加兩倍多,這是有理由的,從這些研究證明,睡眠是會影響健康與幸福感的 (1)。最新研究指出睡眠不足也是影響生活品質的挑戰 (2, 3)。要睡得好,首先要先創造出安靜的睡眠環境,充足的睡眠與休息,是促進建康和活力生活的基礎之一。

  1. 健康的血壓

    “nocturnal dipping” 指的是正常睡眠期間血壓下降。與清醒時相比,睡眠充足時的收縮壓和舒張壓通常都下降 10–20 %。有良好的睡眠習慣有助於維持健康的血壓(4)。研究表明正常的 nocturnal dipping 與心血管系統的功能有關(5)

  2. 健康的血糖

    保持健康的血糖逐漸成為大家所關心的健康問題。跟據研究顯示,健康的血糖調節是心血管系統整體功能的主要指標之一(7)。良好的睡眠習慣與健康的血糖有著密切的關係(8)

  3. 強壯的免疫系統

    你的免疫系統負責保護你的身體避免受到病原體的攻擊,這個有細胞、器官和蛋白質的複雜系統在睡眠不足時無法有效率的運作。研究表明你的睡眠/清醒週期(調節睡眠與清醒的系統)和睡眠模式,會以多種不同的方式影響你的免疫系統(9)。良好的睡眠習慣,提升你的免疫系統中的T細胞和健康的發炎反應,好能去對抗病原體。

  4. 健康的體重

    睡眠不足和體重控制是有關的。經過研究顯示缺少睡眠會增加食慾,造成飢餓與飽腹賀爾蒙的失調,可能會使你減少運動的動力和增加體重(10-13)

  5. 健康的心智

    根據研究顯示,良好的睡眠品質與健康的心智和整體生活的品質有關(14)。那些睡眠品質較佳的人更有可能有較高的生活幸福感。

  6. 健康的認知

    睡眠與認知能力和健康的各種指標有關。臨床實驗顯示,良好的睡眠品質和高專注力、記憶力以及整體的認知能力有密切的關係(15-17)。主要原因是因為大腦的前額葉皮層是執行認知功能很重要的一個區域(18)

  7. 更長的壽命

    堅持有健康睡眠的方式和延長壽命有關。根據臨床研究顯示,長壽的人(超過 85 歲)比壽命較短的人有著更嚴格的睡眠計畫(19)。此外,一項大型研究發現健康的睡眠方式與心血管系統的健康和更長的壽命有密切的關係(20)

【參考文獻】

  1. Worley S. The extraordinary importance of sleep: The detrimental effects of inadequate sleep on health and public safety drive an explosion of sleep research. Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 2018;43(12).
  2. May A., et al. OSA and cardiac arrhythmogenesis: mechanistic insights. Chest. 2017;151(1):225-241.
  3. Beccuti G. and Pannain S. Sleep and obesity. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 2011;14(4):402-412.
  4. Calhoun D. and Harding S. Sleep and hypertension. Chest. 2010;138(2):434-443.
  5. Ohkubo T., et al. Prediction of stroke by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring versus screening blood pressure measurements in a general population: the Ohasama study. Journal of Hypertension. 2000;18(7):847-854.
  6. Lee J. Prevalence and determinants of insulin resistance among U.S. adolescents: a population-based study. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(11):2427-2432.
  7. Ormazabel V., et al. Association between insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular Diabetology. 2018;17(122). doi.org/10.1186/s12933-018-0762-4
  8. Mesarwi O., et al. Sleep disorders and the development of insulin resistance and obesity. Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America. 2013;42(3):617-634.
  9. Besedovsky L., et al. Sleep and immune function. Pflügers Archiv. 2012;463(1):121-137.
  10. Patel S., et al. Association between reduced sleep and weight gain in women. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2006;164(10):947-954.
  11. Greer S., et al. The impact of sleep deprivation on food desire in the human brain. Nature Communications. 2013;4:2259.
  12. Taheri S., et al. Short sleep duration Is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Medicine. 2004;1(3):e62.
  13. Kline C. The bidirectional relationship between exercise and sleep: Implications for exercise adherence and sleep improvement. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2014;8(6):375-379.
  14. Bonanno L., et al. Assessment of sleep and obesity in adults and children. Medicine. 2019;98(46):e17642.
  15. Lyall L., et al. Association of disrupted circadian rhythmicity with mood disorders, subjective wellbeing, and cognitive function: a cross-sectional study of 91 105 participants from the UK Biobank. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5(6):507-514.
  16. Pillai J. and Leverenz J. Sleep and neurodegeneration: a critical appraisal. Chest. 2017;151(6):1375-1386.
  17. Goel N., et al. Neurocognitive consequences of sleep deprivation. Seminars Neurology. 2009;29(4):320-339.
  18. Alholla P. and Polo-Kantola P. Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2007;3(5):553-567.
  19. Kilgore W. Effects of sleep deprivation on cognition. Progress in Brain Research. 2010;185:105-129.
  20. Mazzotti D., et al. Human longevity is associated with regular sleep patterns, maintenance of slow wave sleep, and favorable lipid profile. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2014;6:134.
  21. Marmot M., et al. Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. The Lancet Epidemiology. 1991;337(8754):1387-1393.

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